How Have We Always Been Posthuman?

We Have Always Been . . . Cyborgs

philosophy of mathematics suited well the ‘‘general emphasisin later nineteenth-century mathematics on revisiting foundationalquestions’’ (p. 61). Pure geometry as it emerged from Frege, Paschand Hilbert, provided a diagram-free, purely sentential notion ofproof, which has lasted unto our own day.In the second, and greater, part of the book, Greaves traces outthe interre...

I-36: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is now considered routine in IVF laboratories with micromanipulation capability and access to genetic diagnostic services. The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of PGD, the number of cycles performed, and the indications for which PGD has been used. This increase has been mirrored by a slow, but steady, increase in the range o...

How Long Have We Been in the Anthropocene Era?

With great interest we have read Ruddiman’s intriguing article which is in favor of placing the start of the Anthropocene at 5–8 millennia BP instead of the late quarter of the 18th century. He shows how land exploitation for agriculture and animal husbandry may have led to enhanced emissions of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere, thereby modifying the expected changes in the concentrations of these...

Where we have been, where we are going.

How Integrated Have Chinese Provinces Been?

This paper analyzes the pattern of provincial economic integration in China for the period 1991−98 by means of an errorcomponents model that decomposes provincial sectoral real valueadded growth into common national effects, industry-specific effects and province-specific effects. We find significant comovements in the long run although province-specific factors still account for one-third of t...